1 序言
本(ben)(ben)文主要討論(lun)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)相關(guan)技術。不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(詞條(tiao)“不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)”由行(xing)業(ye)大(da)(da)(da)百科提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban):①能為(wei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)師(shi)立面(mian)(mian)(mian)表達提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供理想(xiang)選擇。隨著(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)氣污(wu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)重(zhong),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)隨著(zhu)我國城(cheng)(cheng)市化進程的(de)(de)(de)(de)推進,具(ju)有(you)高耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)、高強度、低(di)維護特(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)料在建筑(zhu)(zhu)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)受到(dao)重(zhong)視和(he)(he)推廣。因為(wei)采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),建筑(zhu)(zhu)立面(mian)(mian)(mian)能長(chang)期(qi)保持(chi)初始質(zhi)感(gan)(gan),能降(jiang)低(di)維護和(he)(he)更(geng)換(huan)成本(ben)(ben),同時(shi)能為(wei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)師(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供特(te)殊(shu)質(zhi)感(gan)(gan)。例(li)如不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“堅硬”和(he)(he)“純凈”感(gan)(gan),為(wei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)增添高檔質(zhi)感(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)現代感(gan)(gan)。 經過1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美國紐約Chrysler大(da)(da)(da)廈、1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)意大(da)(da)(da)利CSM,Castel Romano大(da)(da)(da)廈(現在板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)質(zhi)感(gan)(gan)依如初新(xin))、1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)西班牙(ya)巴塞羅(luo)那Mapfre Tower(43層(ceng),153m)、1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)馬(ma)來西亞吉隆坡石油雙塔等(deng)項目上80多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐,奧氏體不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)06Cr19Ni10(SUS 304)和(he)(he)06Cr17Ni7Mo2(SUS 316)已經得到(dao)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)認可,而(er)(er)SUS316的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)更(geng)勝一籌。[圖(tu)(tu)(tu)1]為(wei)東昌(chang)財富的(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5mm軋(ya)花(hua)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(詞條(tiao)“不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”由行(xing)業(ye)大(da)(da)(da)百科提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供),于2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)完工(gong)并(bing)使(shi)用(yong)至今(jin),歷經十年(nian)(nian)(nian)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)風雨,外觀(guan)效果依然亮新(xin)依舊;②不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)價比正在提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高之中,特(te)別(bie)是(shi)隨著(zhu)國內專業(ye)制造商工(gong)藝水平提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高,市場價格處于下(xia)降(jiang)趨勢。③不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)加(jia)工(gong)、組裝和(he)(he)安裝涉(she)及不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)料特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)硬化(詞條(tiao)“硬化”由行(xing)業(ye)大(da)(da)(da)百科提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供)、應力殘余等(deng)需要認真(zhen)對待的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術問(wen)題,甚至涉(she)及特(te)殊(shu)制作(zuo)工(gong)藝。例(li)如,芝(zhi)加(jia)哥云門(men)(CLOUD GATE)雕(diao)塑,花(hua)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)間采(cai)用(yong)168塊用(yong)Octomill 八面(mian)(mian)(mian)銑刀精準加(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)厚(hou)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),無縫(feng)焊接而(er)(er)成[圖(tu)(tu)(tu)2];上海盛(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)中心“不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)城(cheng)(cheng)堡”,則采(cai)用(yong)針對性(xing)很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)短周期(qi)(2.5月(yue))、低(di)成本(ben)(ben)冷彎施作(zuo)工(gong)藝完成[圖(tu)(tu)(tu)3];所(suo)以(yi)研究和(he)(he)總結不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有(you)很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實意義和(he)(he)價值(zhi)。
目前建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外墻(qiang)領域,采(cai)用(yong)大面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)案例不(bu)多(duo),即使(shi)大面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)采(cai)用(yong),也(ye)往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)追求其(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du),只(zhi)表達其(qi)(qi)強(qiang)烈質感[圖4]:如洛杉磯WALT DISNEY 音樂(le)廳和Zollhof 大廈。Zollhof 大廈,做到了(le)以明亮的(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)質感,既從(cong)周圍(wei)“古(gu)老”色調脫(tuo)穎而(er)出,又(you)以反(fan)(fan)射(she)周圍(wei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)而(er)融(rong)入環境。而(er)國內大面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)幕(mu)墻(qiang)案例也(ye)是不(bu)多(duo),[圖5]深(shen)圳平(ping)(ping)安(an)金融(rong)中心,采(cai)用(yong)的(de)是2mm厚316材質的(de)布紋(wen)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban),幕(mu)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)超過7萬平(ping)(ping)米,雖正(zheng)在施工當中,但已經(jing)明顯體現了(le)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)所獨有的(de)強(qiang)烈質感和現代氣息。不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)大致可分為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)和凹(ao)凸鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)。而(er)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)又(you)分為(wei)(wei)三類:板(ban)(ban)面(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)射(she)率(lv)在90%以上者(zhe),為(wei)(wei)鏡面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)飯。板(ban)(ban)面(mian)(mian)(mian)反(fan)(fan)射(she)率(lv)90%--70%者(zhe),為(wei)(wei)有光(guang)(guang)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban),反(fan)(fan)射(she)率(lv)小于(yu)50%為(wei)(wei)亞(ya)光(guang)(guang)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)。凹(ao)凸鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)也(ye)分為(wei)(wei)浮雕板(ban)(ban)、淺浮雕花紋(wen)板(ban)(ban)和網紋(wen)板(ban)(ban)等(deng)。平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)通常是經(jing)研磨、拋光(guang)(guang)工序而(er)制(zhi)成的(de)。凹(ao)凸鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)通常是正(zheng)常的(de)研磨與拋光(guang)(guang)之后.再(zai)經(jing)輥壓(ya)、腐蝕、雕刻(ke)(詞條(tiao)“雕刻(ke)”由(you)行業大百科提供)等(deng)加(jia)工,更(geng)(geng)(geng)后再(zai)經(jing)特殊研磨而(er)創成的(de)。可見(jian)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)反(fan)(fan)射(she)率(lv)高(gao)(gao),對板(ban)(ban)面(mian)(mian)(mian)非平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du)敏感,隨著不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)大面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)使(shi)用(yong)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian),對其(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du)提出更(geng)(geng)(geng)高(gao)(gao)要(yao)求,將追求采(cai)用(yong)更(geng)(geng)(geng)薄、更(geng)(geng)(geng)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)的(de)幕(mu)墻(qiang)。
2 不銹鋼板應用于幕墻及相關技術
2.1不銹鋼板品種及特性
幕(mu)墻常(chang)用(yong)不銹鋼(gang)板(ban)按構造分,一般有三(san)大類(lei)(lei):單板(ban)(盒型(xing)、扣接型(xing)和(he)切板(ban))、復合(he)板(ban)和(he)蜂窩板(ban)。表(biao)1中對這三(san)類(lei)(lei)不銹鋼(gang)板(ban)性能的優缺點進行對比說明:
不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)復合板在保留(liu)了不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)料良好的(de)裝(zhuang)飾效(xiao)果(guo)和經(jing)久耐用(yong)的(de)特性基礎上,克服了不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)板加(jia)工(gong)難、加(jia)工(gong)平整度(du)差的(de)缺(que)點,具有良好的(de)隔聲、隔熱效(xiao)果(guo),可(ke)方便的(de)進行剪(jian)切、彎(wan)弧、刨槽(cao)折(zhe)邊、鉆孔等加(jia)工(gong)。使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)復合板另外還要考慮幾個因(yin)素(su):不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)耐蝕性、強度(du)、耐性和物理(li)功能、加(jia)工(gong)成形(xing)功能等。[圖6]為越(yue)南VTB大廈(工(gong)商(shang)銀行)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)復合板幕(mu)墻,不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)為兩層0.3mm厚316材(cai)質。[圖7]為上海某工(gong)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)復合板墻體(ti),從(cong)外觀上可(ke)以感(gan)受到(dao)很強的(de)機理(li)性和金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)質感(gan)。
另外,由于不銹鋼復合板是兩種材料的復合材料,使用時要考慮其熱脹冷縮時產生的溫度應力,可能會出現應力收縮(詞條“收縮”由行業大百科提供),裂紋,界面復合破壞等問題,以確保溫度應力產生彎曲時的材料完整性,不會導致開裂。不銹鋼316的線膨脹系數:當溫度0~100℃時為1.73×10-5/℃,約為碳素鋼(詞條“碳素鋼”由行業大百科提供)的1.5倍,略小于鋁合金。而聚乙烯芯板的膨脹系數:當溫度為0~100℃時,約為1.50×10-4/℃。
不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)蜂窩板(ban)(ban),表(biao)板(ban)(ban)采用拉絲不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)或者鏡面(mian)(mian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)等,背板(ban)(ban)采用鍍鋅鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban),芯材采用鋁(lv)蜂窩芯,經過(guo)專(zhuan)用粘合(he)劑(ji)復合(he)而成(cheng)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)蜂窩板(ban)(ban)的主要(yao)特點:輕便、安裝負荷低;每塊面(mian)(mian)積大(da),平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)極(ji)高、不(bu)(bu)(bu)易變形,安全系(xi)數(shu)高;具有很(hen)好的隔音,保溫(wen)性能(neng)。成(cheng)本(ben)低,質量好,比2毫米不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)單板(ban)(ban)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)低,但是(shi)平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)與3毫米不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)單板(ban)(ban)接近。不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)蜂窩板(ban)(ban)具有很(hen)強(qiang)的耐蝕性。圖8顯示為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)蜂窩板(ban)(ban)幕墻,分格(ge)(ge)較(jiao)大(da),表(biao)面(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)高,且(qie)兼(jian)顧保溫(wen)性能(neng)。
不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼單(dan)板由于本身強度(du)高,可(ke)用(yong)于高層(ceng)超高層(ceng)建筑(zhu);韌性(詞條“韌性”由行業大百(bai)(bai)科提(ti)供(gong))大,可(ke)做折彎或彎弧加工,可(ke)實現(xian)較多(duo)建筑(zhu)外(wai)觀效(xiao)果(guo);耐腐蝕(shi)性強,后(hou)期維(wei)護(hu)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)成本低。鑒(jian)于諸多(duo)的(de)(de)性能(neng)優(you)勢,深受建筑(zhu)師的(de)(de)青(qing)睞。[圖9]顯示了不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼單(dan)板幕墻外(wai)觀金屬質感(gan)強,使(shi)用(yong)廣泛(fan)。[圖10]展示了上海東昌財富樓不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼面板彎弧處理效(xiao)果(guo)。韌性大,易(yi)于彎弧加工,這(zhe)是不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼復合板和不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼蜂窩板不(bu)容易(yi)實現(xian)的(de)(de)。另外(wai)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼單(dan)板幕墻一(yi)般采用(yong)開縫加背襯板的(de)(de)防水(shui)(詞條“防水(shui)”由行業大百(bai)(bai)科提(ti)供(gong))方(fang)(fang)式,這(zhe)是因為不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼板表面有(you)一(yi)層(ceng)油膜,施打密(mi)封膠(jiao)之(zhi)前,必(bi)須先對(dui)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼板表面清除(chu)油污(wu)處理,然后(hou)涂專用(yong)底漆,否則難于保(bao)證耐候密(mi)封膠(jiao)與不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼的(de)(de)黏接性能(neng)。
不銹(xiu)鋼單板作為(wei)(wei)金屬構(gou)(gou)件除了能(neng)夠適應切割、刨(bao)槽(cao)、折彎(wan)等加(jia)工處理,而(er)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)加(jia)工使(shi)(shi)不銹(xiu)鋼板能(neng)夠實現更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)造型成為(wei)(wei)現實。而(er)一般焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)主要有減少(shao)焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)數量和間斷焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)、采(cai)用逆向(xiang)回焊(han)(han)(han)法施焊(han)(han)(han)、剛性(xing)固定(ding)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)、反(fan)變(bian)形技(ji)術(shu)、合理安排焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)順序、采(cai)用熱處理(詞(ci)條(tiao)“熱處理”由(you)行(xing)業(ye)大百科提供(gong))去除焊(han)(han)(han)后收(shou)縮力、減少(shao)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)間以及冷卻法等等。而(er)對于薄板失穩變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)是(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)工藝參數、反(fan)變(bian)形法和控(kong)制(zhi)溫度場(chang)等措施。而(er)在生產實踐中,反(fan)變(bian)形法是(shi)更(geng)常用的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法之(zhi)一,其具體方(fang)法是(shi)預(yu)先在焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)反(fan)方(fang)向(xiang),人為(wei)(wei)地(di)施加(jia)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形量,以此與(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)變(bian)形相(xiang)抵消,使(shi)(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)結構(gou)(gou)達到(dao)技(ji)術(shu)要求。通過完(wan)全(quan)剛性(xing)約束和反(fan)變(bian)形法可以實現采(cai)用1.5mm厚不銹(xiu)鋼板激光焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)更(geng)大彎(wan)曲撓(nao)度(詞(ci)條(tiao)“撓(nao)度”由(you)行(xing)業(ye)大百科提供(gong))的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)小于0.16mm。
圖11、圖12是東財財富不銹鋼筒體幕墻及(ji)節點,外(wai)觀平(ping)(ping)整。依靠(kao)專用模具,不銹鋼板(ban)切板(ban)彎(wan)弧成錐體,并與平(ping)(ping)板(ban)焊(han)接,先均(jun)勻點焊(han)控制(zhi)整體尺(chi)寸及(ji)外(wai)形(xing)(xing),再采用反變形(xing)(xing)法進(jin)行焊(han)接變形(xing)(xing)控制(zhi),實施剛(gang)性固定焊(han)接,保證平(ping)(ping)板(ban)與彎(wan)弧板(ban)周邊焊(han)后的平(ping)(ping)整度(du)和緊密貼合,形(xing)(xing)成自(zi)然過(guo)渡,然后經過(guo)打(da)磨亮化處理,形(xing)(xing)成棱角分明的錐筒造型。
2.2不銹鋼板表面平整度的保證和提高
由(you)于不銹鋼板材(特(te)別是(shi)單(dan)板)韌性大,因(yin)此通過采(cai)用(yong)合理的安(an)裝(zhuang)構造及(ji)加工組(zu)裝(zhuang)工藝來(lai)消除內部不均勻的殘余應力,是(shi)應對(dui)不銹鋼材料固有的對(dui)光的反射率高(gao)、對(dui)表面不平整(zheng)的敏感度高(gao)的關鍵措施。
[圖13]所示為(wei)厚度1mm表(biao)面(mian)(mian)鏡光(guang)(guang)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)316不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)率高(gao)于(yu)90%)做成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)裝飾條,影(ying)像(xiang)變(bian)(bian)形扭曲嚴重(zhong)。[圖14]所示為(wei)厚度2mm表(biao)面(mian)(mian)亞(ya)光(guang)(guang)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)316不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)做成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)板(ban)(ban)幕墻。板(ban)(ban)分格寬(kuan)度超(chao)過1.2米(mi),表(biao)面(mian)(mian)波浪凹凸感強(qiang)(qiang)烈。單(dan)板(ban)(ban)厚度過薄、橫向(xiang)分格過大,且(qie)由于(yu)鏡面(mian)(mian)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)率大于(yu)90%,亞(ya)光(guang)(guang)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)其反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)率也達到50%,受其對(dui)光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)率高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點影(ying)響(xiang),不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)對(dui)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)不(bu)平整度的(de)(de)(de)靈敏(min)度很高(gao),板(ban)(ban)自身(shen)變(bian)(bian)形(0.1%以內)和外力力的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下和輕微(wei)的(de)(de)(de)撓度變(bian)(bian)形,特(te)別是溫(wen)度梯度的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化都(dou)會對(dui)外觀效果產(chan)生較大影(ying)響(xiang)。因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝構造和面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度和撓度控制成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)幕墻設計的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要考量因(yin)素。
2.2.1不銹鋼板支撐體系的設計
不(bu)(bu)銹鋼面板(ban)附著的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)體系必須是(shi)穩(wen)固(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)、平整的(de)(de),且為了保證不(bu)(bu)銹鋼面板(ban)的(de)(de)易于更(geng)換和(he)安(an)裝,設計成(cheng)小單元形式的(de)(de)掛板(ban)結(jie)構體系或者(zhe)通(tong)(tong)過扣接(jie)的(de)(de)形式,通(tong)(tong)過型(xing)材(詞條“型(xing)材”由行(xing)業(ye)大百科提供)咬(yao)合或者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼板(ban)材直接(jie)扣接(jie)的(de)(de)方式來(lai)實(shi)現與整體框架的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)與固(gu)(gu)定。
幕墻用(yong)(yong)不(bu)銹鋼單板(ban)的(de)(de)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)體(ti)系分為:切板(ban)結(jie)構(gou)、扣接結(jie)構(gou)以及盒(he)型(xing)結(jie)構(gou)。切板(ban)結(jie)構(gou)外(wai)觀上突(tu)出了板(ban)材的(de)(de)棱角,但不(bu)銹鋼板(ban)材柔韌性大,適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)低層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)或低風壓區域;扣接結(jie)構(gou)適合于(yu)(yu)薄型(xing)不(bu)銹鋼單板(ban),平整度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)高(gao),對質感(gan)和肌(ji)理感(gan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)效(xiao)果要(yao)求強烈(lie)時采用(yong)(yong)。盒(he)型(xing)結(jie)構(gou)突(tu)出板(ban)框支(zhi)撐(cheng)體(ti)系的(de)(de)穩固性,適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),抵抗風壓能力強,另外(wai)還能體(ti)現不(bu)銹鋼獨特的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)效(xiao)果,因(yin)此被(bei)廣泛(fan)采用(yong)(yong)。